Heating Oil Types in the UK: A Complete Guide
Heating oil is a vital energy source for over 1.5 million homes in the UK, especially in rural and off-grid areas without access to mains gas. It fuels central heating systems and hot water boilers, making it a reliable choice for households seeking consistent warmth throughout the year. However, not all heating oils are the same. In the UK, there are two main types of heating oil:kerosene and gas oil. Understanding the differences between them can help homeowners make informed decisions about their heating systems.
1. Kerosene (28-Second Oil)
Kerosene is by far the most widely used heating oil in the UK for domestic purposes. Also known as heating oil, paraffin, or kero, it is a clear, thin liquid refined from crude oil.
Key Features:
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Efficient Burning: Kerosene burns cleanly and efficiently, producing fewer carbon deposits and reducing boiler maintenance.
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Compatibility: Its suitable for most modern oil-fired boilers and range cookers, such as AGAs and Rayburns.
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Cold Weather Performance: Its lower freezing point makes it ideal for use during the winter months.
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Availability: Easily sourced from most UK heating oil suppliers.
There is also a premium kerosene option available, which contains additives designed to improve combustion efficiency, reduce system wear, and prevent sludge buildup in storage tanks. Though more expensive than standard kerosene, it can extend the lifespan of your heating system and reduce servicing costs over time.
2. Gas Oil (35-Second Oil)
Gas oil, commonly known as red diesel, is a heavier and less refined heating oil. It has a red dye added to distinguish it from standard diesel used in road vehicles and is taxed at a lower rate.
Key Features:
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Heavier Fuel: It burns less cleanly than kerosene, producing more soot and requiring more frequent maintenance.
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Usage: Mainly used in commercial and agricultural settings, including machinery, generators, and older heating systems.
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Limited Domestic Use: While some older UK homes still use gas oil for heating, it is not recommended for modern residential boilers.
Due to its higher emissions and lower efficiency, gas oil is gradually being phased out of residential use in favour of cleaner fuels like kerosene.
3. Future Fuels: HVO and Renewable Alternatives
As the UK government pushes toward its net-zero carbon emissions target, alternative, eco-friendly heating solutions are gaining attention. One of the most promising is Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO). This renewable fuel is made from recycled vegetable oils and animal fats and can reduce carbon emissions by up to 90%.
While HVO is currently more expensive and not yet widely available, trials in the UK have shown promising results. It could become a major player in the future of off-grid heating.
Conclusion
When it comes to heating oil in the UK, kerosene is the top choice for most households, offering clean, efficient, and cost-effective heating. Gas oil remains in use for specific commercial or older domestic systems, but its no longer recommended for new installations. As environmental concerns grow, renewable alternatives like HVO are likely to shape the future of oil heating in the UK.
